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鯊魚天生是色盲 無法辨認藍色
[ 2011-03-29 11:10 ]
Wearing a light blue wetsuit that matches the colour of the sea will make you less likely to become the victim of a shark attack, according to researchers. Sharks are completely colour blind and only see things clearly if they are mostly light or dark, scientists have claimed. In a breakthrough that could prove hugely beneficial to divers navigating shark-filled waters, scientists found that the predator - like dolphins, seals and whales - is unable to distinguish between colours. Costumes or wetsuits that camouflage swimmers' bodies in the sea water are less likely to draw a shark's attention than ones with bright, solid colours than emphasise their outline.
都說鯊魚很兇悍，殺人不眨眼，可日前專家經研究證實，倘若身穿“淡藍色或與海水相近顏色”的泳衣在海底與鯊魚“親密接觸”，可以大大降低被鯊魚以及鯊魚群攻擊的幾率。據悉，鯊魚是“色盲”，它們只能看得清楚深色或者淺色的海底生物，與海水相近顏色的事物一概看不清。此外，科學家還針對其他海底生物進行了研究，比如海豚、海豹、以及鯨魚等等，這些海中巨獸都不能分辨海底顏色。科學家建議，倘若要拍攝鯊魚在海中生活情況，不要穿可以在海中“強調身體曲線”顏色的泳衣，深色泳衣、亮色泳衣盡量要避免。要很好的偽裝自己，只要穿連體的和海水相似顏色泳衣就可以了。
Professor Nathan Hart, from the University of Western Australia, said: 'It's the high contrast against the water rather than the colour itself which is probably attractive to sharks.' So you should wear perhaps more muted colours or colours that match the background in the water better.' The researchers examined the eyes of dead sharks and found they had only one type of photoreceptor in the retina, indicating they could only see in monochrome.
來自澳大利亞的教授內森·哈特說：“鯊魚會對和海水顏色有明顯區別的物體產生興趣，所以，與海水相似顏色的泳衣在鯊魚的眼中可以算是‘隱身衣’了。”據悉，研究員對死去鯊魚的眼中的視網膜感光性能研究后發現，鯊魚只能看得見‘單色’，眼中只有能否分辨出單一的視網膜。
The US Navy has conducted tests that suggested sharks were able to see yellow most clearly. The tests had been to see what would be the best colour for the lifejackets that pilots wear in case they have to eject and splash down in the ocean. Professor Hart said it was more the high contrast of yellow, not the colour itself, that would increase the visibility for sharks. He said: 'It may be possible to design swimming attire and surf craft that have a lower visual contrast to sharks and are therefore less attractive to them.' The study by researchers at the University of Western Australia and the University of Queensland, is to be published in the German nature journal Natur wissenschaften (Science of Nature).
美國海軍研究發現，最讓鯊魚感到“興奮”的顏色竟然是“黃色”，這個測試是為了發現哪種顏色最適合做“救生衣”。哈特教授說：“并不是因為黃色鮮艷而容易被鯊魚發現，而是黃色與海水的淡藍色形成的強烈反差效果吸引著鯊魚。”據悉，這一系列對于海中顏色的研究大大啟發了設計海底救生船以及救生衣的科學家，這些研究將在《德國自然雜志》上發表。
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（來源：國際在線 編輯：崔旭燕）
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