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II. The Great Historical Course of Reform and Opening Up
We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and opening up. In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of reform and opening up. Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.
Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the productive forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; to promote the self-improvement and development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism, and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics; and to improve the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times.
We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our socialist revolution and construction, and gained invaluable experience in its painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction. The victory in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.
We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the endeavor. In a precarious situation left by the "cultural revolution" (1966-76), the second generation of central collective leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous theory and practice of "taking class struggle as the key link," and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening up. It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded the clarion call of the times for taking our own road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great journey of reform and opening up.
We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried on, developed and successfully carried into the 21st century by the Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this mission. From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and opening up and kept up with the times. Relying on the Party and the people, it stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new, socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up; and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course.
Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice. We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony, improved the socialist market economy, and resolutely carried forward the great cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period. From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the process of sweeping reform has unfolded with irresistible momentum. From the coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened to the outside world. This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up. Today socialist China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the world and the future.
Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period. The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization, leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid development at a rate rarely seen in the world. China's economy, once on the verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and its import and export volume, the third biggest. The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole. The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250 million to just over 20 million. The country's achievements in political, cultural and social development have captured world attention. China's development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world economy and the progress of human civilization.
Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period. Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it. The Party has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience. Socialism and Marxism have shown great vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch up with the trend of the times in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.
Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, that reform and opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.
As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or be accomplished overnight. Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times. The orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and their merits and achievements can never be negated. To stop or reverse reform and opening up would only lead to a blind alley.
In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to the basic system of socialism with developing the market economy, effecting changes in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity, pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization, promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party. In this course the Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing country of over one billion people.
To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Essentially, to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to this path and uphold this system.
Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country. The main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in light of China's conditions and the features of the times. In contemporary China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts. This system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices. It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups. It is an open system that keeps developing. Practices since the publication of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times and is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal. In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
There is no end to practice or innovation. All Party members must cherish the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them. We must continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks, never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that the truth of Marxism of contemporary China shines even more brightly.
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二、改革開放的偉大歷史進(jìn)程
我們即將迎來改革開放三十周年。一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會(huì)，開啟了改革開放歷史新時(shí)期。從那時(shí)以來，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人和中國(guó)人民以一往無前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，譜寫了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩，中國(guó)人民的面貌、社會(huì)主義中國(guó)的面貌、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。
改革開放是黨在新的時(shí)代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國(guó)人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族；就是要推動(dòng)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義制度自我完善和發(fā)展，賦予社會(huì)主義新的生機(jī)活力，建設(shè)和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義；就是要在引領(lǐng)當(dāng)代中國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)步中加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)，保持和發(fā)展黨的先進(jìn)性，確保黨始終走在時(shí)代前列。
我們要永遠(yuǎn)銘記，改革開放偉大事業(yè)，是在以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體創(chuàng)立毛澤東思想，帶領(lǐng)全黨全國(guó)各族人民建立新中國(guó)、取得社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)偉大成就以及艱辛探索社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律取得寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的。新民主主義革命的勝利，社會(huì)主義基本制度的建立，為當(dāng)代中國(guó)一切發(fā)展進(jìn)步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎(chǔ)。
我們要永遠(yuǎn)銘記，改革開放偉大事業(yè)，是以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體帶領(lǐng)全黨全國(guó)各族人民開創(chuàng)的。面對(duì)十年“文化大革命”造成的危難局面，黨的第二代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是，以巨大的政治勇氣和理論勇氣，科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)毛澤東同志和毛澤東思想，徹底否定“以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱”的錯(cuò)誤理論和實(shí)踐，作出把黨和國(guó)家工作中心轉(zhuǎn)移到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上來、實(shí)行改革開放的歷史性決策，確立社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段基本路線，吹響走自己的路、建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的時(shí)代號(hào)角，創(chuàng)立鄧小平理論，指引全黨全國(guó)各族人民在改革開放的偉大征程上闊步前進(jìn)。
我們要永遠(yuǎn)銘記，改革開放偉大事業(yè)，是以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體帶領(lǐng)全黨全國(guó)各族人民繼承、發(fā)展并成功推向二十一世紀(jì)的。從十三屆四中全會(huì)到十六大，受命于重大歷史關(guān)頭的黨的第三代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，堅(jiān)持改革開放、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，在國(guó)內(nèi)外政治風(fēng)波、經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)面前，依靠黨和人民，捍衛(wèi)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義，創(chuàng)建社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制，開創(chuàng)全面開放新局面，推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程，創(chuàng)立“三個(gè)代表”重要思想，繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)改革開放的航船沿著正確方向破浪前進(jìn)。
十六大以來，我們以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，順應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)發(fā)展變化，抓住重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，發(fā)揚(yáng)求真務(wù)實(shí)、開拓進(jìn)取精神，堅(jiān)持理論創(chuàng)新和實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新，著力推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧，完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，在全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)實(shí)踐中堅(jiān)定不移地把改革開放偉大事業(yè)繼續(xù)推向前進(jìn)。
新時(shí)期最鮮明的特點(diǎn)是改革開放。從農(nóng)村到城市、從經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域到其他各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，全面改革的進(jìn)程勢(shì)不可當(dāng)?shù)卣归_了；從沿海到沿江沿邊，從東部到中西部，對(duì)外開放的大門毅然決然地打開了。這場(chǎng)歷史上從未有過的大改革大開放，極大地調(diào)動(dòng)了億萬人民的積極性，使我國(guó)成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了從高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制到充滿活力的社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉(zhuǎn)折。今天，一個(gè)面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來的社會(huì)主義中國(guó)巍然屹立在世界東方。
新時(shí)期最顯著的成就是快速發(fā)展。我們黨實(shí)施現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)“三步走”戰(zhàn)略，帶領(lǐng)人民艱苦奮斗，推動(dòng)我國(guó)以世界上少有的速度持續(xù)快速發(fā)展起來。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)從一度瀕于崩潰的邊緣發(fā)展到總量躍至世界第四、進(jìn)出口總額位居世界第三，人民生活從溫飽不足發(fā)展到總體小康，農(nóng)村貧困人口從兩億五千多萬減少到兩千多萬，政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)取得舉世矚目的成就。中國(guó)的發(fā)展，不僅使中國(guó)人民穩(wěn)定地走上了富裕安康的廣闊道路，而且為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人類文明進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。
新時(shí)期最突出的標(biāo)志是與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。我們黨堅(jiān)持馬克思主義的思想路線，不斷探索和回答什么是社會(huì)主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義，建設(shè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨，實(shí)現(xiàn)什么樣的發(fā)展、怎樣發(fā)展等重大理論和實(shí)際問題，不斷推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國(guó)化，堅(jiān)持并豐富黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領(lǐng)、基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)。社會(huì)主義和馬克思主義在中國(guó)大地上煥發(fā)出勃勃生機(jī)，給人民帶來更多福祉，使中華民族大踏步趕上時(shí)代前進(jìn)潮流、迎來偉大復(fù)興的光明前景。
事實(shí)雄辯地證明，改革開放是決定當(dāng)代中國(guó)命運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵抉擇，是發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的必由之路；只有社會(huì)主義才能救中國(guó)，只有改革開放才能發(fā)展中國(guó)、發(fā)展社會(huì)主義、發(fā)展馬克思主義。
改革開放作為一場(chǎng)新的偉大革命，不可能一帆風(fēng)順，也不可能一蹴而就。最根本的是，改革開放符合黨心民心、順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，方向和道路是完全正確的，成效和功績(jī)不容否定，停頓和倒退沒有出路。
在改革開放的歷史進(jìn)程中，我們黨把堅(jiān)持馬克思主義基本原理同推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國(guó)化結(jié)合起來，把堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則同堅(jiān)持改革開放結(jié)合起來，把尊重人民首創(chuàng)精神同加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)結(jié)合起來，把堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義基本制度同發(fā)展市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)合起來，把推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)變革同推動(dòng)上層建筑改革結(jié)合起來，把發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力同提高全民族文明素質(zhì)結(jié)合起來，把提高效率同促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平結(jié)合起來，把堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主同參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化結(jié)合起來，把促進(jìn)改革發(fā)展同保持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定結(jié)合起來，把推進(jìn)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大事業(yè)同推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程結(jié)合起來，取得了我們這樣一個(gè)十幾億人口的發(fā)展中大國(guó)擺脫貧困、加快實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化、鞏固和發(fā)展社會(huì)主義的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
改革開放以來我們?nèi)〉靡磺谐煽?jī)和進(jìn)步的根本原因，歸結(jié)起來就是：開辟了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，形成了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系。高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，最根本的就是要堅(jiān)持這條道路和這個(gè)理論體系。
中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，就是在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，立足基本國(guó)情，以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則，堅(jiān)持改革開放，解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，鞏固和完善社會(huì)主義制度，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)主義民主政治、社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化、社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)，建設(shè)富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路之所以完全正確、之所以能夠引領(lǐng)中國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)步，關(guān)鍵在于我們既堅(jiān)持了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的基本原則，又根據(jù)我國(guó)實(shí)際和時(shí)代特征賦予其鮮明的中國(guó)特色。在當(dāng)代中國(guó)，堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，就是真正堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義。
中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想以及科學(xué)發(fā)展觀等重大戰(zhàn)略思想在內(nèi)的科學(xué)理論體系。這個(gè)理論體系，堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展了馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想，凝結(jié)了幾代中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人帶領(lǐng)人民不懈探索實(shí)踐的智慧和心血，是馬克思主義中國(guó)化最新成果，是黨最可寶貴的政治和精神財(cái)富，是全國(guó)各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的共同思想基礎(chǔ)。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系是不斷發(fā)展的開放的理論體系。《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》發(fā)表以來近一百六十年的實(shí)踐證明，馬克思主義只有與本國(guó)國(guó)情相結(jié)合、與時(shí)代發(fā)展同進(jìn)步、與人民群眾共命運(yùn)，才能煥發(fā)出強(qiáng)大的生命力、創(chuàng)造力、感召力。在當(dāng)代中國(guó)，堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，就是真正堅(jiān)持馬克思主義。
實(shí)踐永無止境，創(chuàng)新永無止境。全黨同志要倍加珍惜、長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持和不斷發(fā)展黨歷經(jīng)艱辛開創(chuàng)的中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，勇于變革、勇于創(chuàng)新，永不僵化、永不停滯，不為任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所懼，不被任何干擾所惑，使中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路越走越寬廣，讓當(dāng)代中國(guó)馬克思主義放射出更加燦爛的真理光芒。
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