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德美關(guān)系:監(jiān)聽默克爾

Germany and America: Bugging Mrs Merkel

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2013-10-30 10:31

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德美關(guān)系:監(jiān)聽默克爾

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IN JULY, when revelations by Edward Snowden were just beginning to drip out about the breathtaking extent of American spying on its own citizens and allies along with its enemies, Barack Obama, the American president, was still hoping everyone would simply calm down. “Here’s one last thing,” he said at one press conference. “I’m the end user of this kind of intelligence. And if I want to know what Chancellor Merkel is thinking, I will call Chancellor Merkel.”

He was speaking about Angela Merkel, one of the most pro-American leaders of a country that has been one of America’s closest allies. For her part, Mrs Merkel also spent the summer trying to minimise the scandal. She was in the throes of an election campaign and her opponents were trying to paint her as either naive or weak in the face of American violations of German privacy that were being compared to the practices of the Stasi, East Germany’s notorious secret police.

Mrs Merkel was re-elected in September, but the scandal did not go away. Each new revelation has caused fresh outrage somewhere. The Americans allegedly spied on the leaders of Brazil and Mexico and offices of the European Union. On October 21st Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, summoned the American ambassador in Paris after Le Monde, a newspaper, reported the huge scale of alleged American spying on French citizens. According to Le Monde, the National Security Agency (NSA) recorded 70.3m items of French telephone data between December 10th, 2012 and January 8th, 2013 and collected tens of thousands of French phone records. The NSA’s targets appeared to be individuals suspected of links to terrorism, but also people tied to French business or politics. France’s president, Fran?ois Hollande, telephoned Mr Obama to demand an explanation of these reports.

Then, only two days later, Mr Obama got a call from Mrs Merkel. It may have been the most awkward conversation he has had on the topic yet. Mrs Merkel demanded to know whether the Americans were tapping her mobile phone. A German magazine, Der Spiegel, had asked Germany’s intelligence agencies this, as a result of which Mrs Merkel discovered reasons to suspect as much.

Not now and not in future, Mr Obama replied. This conspicuously left one tense unaccounted for: the past. Germans must assume that their chancellor has in fact been bugged and are wondering what they will discover next.

If there was such espionage, it amounts to “a grave breach of trust” among friends, said Mrs Merkel’s spokesman. Germany’s foreign minister, Guido Westerwelle, followed his French colleague by angrily summoning the American ambassador in Berlin. America’s image has been sinking in Germany and Europe ever since the revelations began. Many EU negotiators are losing their zeal to discuss a free-trade agreement with America without clarifying their overall relationship.

On the same day that Mrs Merkel called Mr Obama, the European Parliament voted to recommend that the EU suspend an arrangement with America in which they share a money-transfer database. As European leaders arrived in Brussels on October 24th for the latest EU summit, American spying was not officially on the agenda. Many were itching to talk seriously about it nonetheless.

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七月,在愛德華·斯諾登剛剛泄露出美國(guó)對(duì)其公民、盟友及敵人采取了令人震驚的監(jiān)視時(shí),美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬依然希望大家冷靜下來(lái)。“還有最后一件事,”他在一次新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō),“我也是這些情報(bào)的最終用戶。如果我想知道默克爾總理怎么想,我會(huì)打電話給她。”


他談到了安格拉·默克爾——美國(guó)最親密盟友中最親美的國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。對(duì)于默克爾來(lái)說(shuō),她也花了一整個(gè)夏天試圖將丑聞最小化。當(dāng)時(shí),她正致力于競(jìng)選。她的對(duì)手將此事與史塔西——東德臭名昭著的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)相提并論,企圖將她描畫成一個(gè)在面臨德國(guó)隱私被美國(guó)侵犯時(shí)天真或軟弱的形象。



默克爾在九月贏得連任,但竊聽丑聞并未過去。每一次新的泄密都會(huì)在某些地方引起新的憤怒。美國(guó)涉嫌監(jiān)視巴西及墨西哥的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,以及歐盟辦事處。10月21日,法國(guó)報(bào)紙《世界報(bào)》報(bào)道了美國(guó)大規(guī)模對(duì)法國(guó)公民進(jìn)行監(jiān)聽。隨后,法國(guó)外交部長(zhǎng)洛朗·法比尤斯立即在巴黎召見了美國(guó)駐法大使。《世界報(bào)》稱,美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局記錄了2012年12月10日至2013年1月8日之間7030萬(wàn)項(xiàng)法國(guó)電話數(shù)據(jù),并收集了成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)法國(guó)的電話記錄。美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的目標(biāo)似乎是涉嫌恐怖主義的人,但同時(shí)也是與法國(guó)商業(yè)、政治有聯(lián)系的人。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧朗德致電奧巴馬,要求奧巴馬對(duì)此作出解釋。





僅僅兩日后,奧巴馬接到了默克爾的來(lái)電。這也許是他在這個(gè)話題中最尷尬的一次談話。默克爾要求得知美國(guó)是否監(jiān)視了她的通信。德國(guó)雜志《明鏡周刊》向德國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)詢問此事,由此默克爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了重重疑點(diǎn)。




奧巴馬回應(yīng)說(shuō),現(xiàn)在沒有,以后也不會(huì)監(jiān)視她。這句話明顯地回避了“過去”。德國(guó)人不得不猜想他們的總理已經(jīng)被監(jiān)視了,并想象接下來(lái)會(huì)有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)。


默克爾的發(fā)言人說(shuō),這樣的監(jiān)聽“嚴(yán)重違反了盟友間的信任”。德國(guó)外交部長(zhǎng)基多·威斯特威勒緊隨他的法國(guó)同事之后,在柏林憤怒地召見了美國(guó)大使。在德國(guó)及其他歐洲國(guó)家,美國(guó)的形象自泄密以來(lái)就在不斷下降。由于美國(guó)仍未澄清整個(gè)竊聽事件,許多歐盟談判代表都對(duì)與美國(guó)商議免稅貿(mào)易協(xié)定失去了熱情。



就在默克爾致電奧巴馬當(dāng)天,歐洲議會(huì)投票建議歐盟暫停一項(xiàng)與美國(guó)共用資金轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的約定。在歐洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到達(dá)布魯塞爾準(zhǔn)備10月24日的歐盟最新峰會(huì)時(shí),美國(guó)竊聽事件并未正式提上議程,雖然許多人迫切想認(rèn)真談?wù)勥@件事。

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