中國網站品牌欄目（頻道）
政府工作報告
第十二屆全國人大二次會議， 2014年3月5日
國務院總理 李克強
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2014
by Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council
各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。
Fellow Deputies,
On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the work of the government for your deliberation,and I welcome comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2013年工作回顧
I. Review of Work in 2013
過去一年是本屆政府依法履職的第一年，任務艱巨而繁重。面對世界經濟復蘇艱難、國內經濟下行壓力加大、自然災害頻發、多重矛盾交織的復雜形勢，全國各族人民在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，從容應對挑戰，奮力攻堅克難，圓滿實現全年經濟社會發展主要預期目標，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得令人矚目的重大成就。
Last year was the first year for this government to perform its functions in accordance with the law, and it had arduous tasks. We faced a complex environment: the world economic recovery was difficult. In China, downward pressure on the economy increased, natural disasters occurred frequently, and there was an array of interrelated problems. However, the people of all of China's ethnic groups, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, confidently met all challenges, strove to overcome difficulties, fully attained the main targets for economic and social development for the year, and made impressive achievements in reform and opening up and in the socialist modernization drive.
——經濟運行穩中向好。國內生產總值達到56.9萬億元，比上年增長7.7％。居民消費價格漲幅控制在2.6％。城鎮登記失業率4.1％。城鎮新增就業1310萬人，創歷史新高。進出口總額突破4萬億美元，再上新臺階。
-The economy was stable and improved. The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 56.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year. The rise in the consumer price index (CPI) was kept at 2.6%. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept at 4.1% and 13.1 million urban jobs were created, an all-time high. Total imports and exports exceeded US$4 trillion, reaching a new high.
——居民收入和經濟效益持續提高。城鎮居民人均可支配收入實際增長7％，農村居民人均純收入實際增長9.3％，農村貧困人口減少165O萬人，城鄉居民收入差距繼續縮小。規模以上工業企業利潤增長12.2％。財政收入增長1O.1％。
-Personal income continued to rise, and economic performance continued to improve. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by 7% in real terms, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.3% in real terms. The number of rural people living in poverty was reduced by 16.5 million and the urban-rural income gap continued to narrow. The profits of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations rose by 12.2%. Government revenue increased by 10.1%.
——結構調整取得積極成效。糧食產量超過1.2萬億斤，實現“十連增”。服務業增加值比重達到46.1％，首次超過第二產業。中西部地區生產總值比重繼續提高，區域發展協調性增強。全社會用電量增長7.5％，貨運量增長9.9％，主要實物量指標與經濟增長相互匹配。
-Progress was achieved in adjusting the economic structure. Grain output exceeded 600 million metric tons, increasing for the tenth consecutive year. The value-added of the service sector accounted for 46.1% of GDP, surpassing secondary industry for the first time. The proportion of the gross regional product of the central and western regions to China's GDP continued to rise, and development in different regions became better balanced. China's total electricity consumption increased by 7.5%, and the volume of freight transport rose by 9.9%. Main real physical indexes matched economic growth.
——社會事業蓬勃發展。教育、科技、文化、衛生等領域取得新進步。神舟十號遨游太空，嫦娥三號成功登月，蛟龍深潛再創紀錄，這表明中國人民完全有能力、有智慧實現建成創新型國家的目標。
-Social programs developed vigorously. Progress was made in education, science and technology, culture, and health. The Shenzhou-10 spacecraft was sent into orbit. The Chang'e-3 lunar lander successfully landed on the moon. The submersible Jiaolong broke the record for manned deep-sea dives. All this shows that the Chinese people definitely have the ability and wisdom to achieve the objective of making the country more innovative.
過去一年，困難比預料的多，結果比預想的好。經濟社會發展既有量的擴大，又有質的提升，為今后奠定了基礎。這將鼓舞我們砥礪前行，不斷創造新的輝煌。
In the last year, we met more difficulties but delivered a better performance than expected. The economy and society developed both quantitatively and qualitatively, thus laying a good foundation for future development. These achievements encourage us to forge ahead and make further progress.
一年來，我們堅持穩中求進工作總基調，統籌穩增長、調結構、促改革，堅持宏觀政策要穩、微觀政策要活、社會政策要托底，創新宏觀調控思路和方式，采取一系列既利當前、更惠長遠的舉措，穩中有為，穩中提質，穩中有進，各項工作實現了良好開局。
Last year, we adhered to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability. We worked to maintain stable growth, make structural adjustments and carry out reform in a holistic way. We ensured that the government's macro policies are stable, micro policies are flexible and social policies meet people's basic needs. We improved the ways of exercising macro-control and adopted measures with both short-term and long-term benefits in mind. We strove to break new ground, improve quality, and make progress while ensuring stability. All our work got off to a good start.
一是著力深化改革開放，激發市場活力和內生動力。在國內外環境錯綜復雜、宏觀調控抉擇兩難的情況下，我們深處著力，把改革開放作為發展的根本之策，放開市場這只“看不見的手”，用好政府這只“看得見的手”，促進經濟穩定增長。
First, we deepened reform and opening up, invigorated the market, and stimulated internal impetus to growth. In the face of complex international and domestic developments and difficult choices in macro-control, we endeavored to resolve deep-seated problems and difficulties, took reform and opening up as the fundamental way to advance development, and gave full rein to both the invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of the government to promote steady economic growth.
我們從政府自身改起，把加快轉變職能、簡政放權作為本屆政府開門第一件大事。國務院機構改革有序實施，分批取消和下放了416項行政審批等事項，修訂政府核準的投資項目目錄，推動工商登記制度改革。各地積極推進政府職能轉變和機構改革，大幅減少行政審批事項。
Taking government reform as our starting point, we made accelerating the transformation of government functions, streamlining administration and delegating more power to lower-level governments the top priority of this government. Reform of State Council bodies was carried out in an orderly manner. We abolished or delegated to lower-level governments 416 items previously subject to State Council review and approval in batches, revised the list of investment projects requiring government review and approval, and carried forward reform of the business registration system.Local governments actively transformed their functions and reformed their departments, and greatly reduced the matters requiring their review and approval.
擴大“營改增”試點，取消和免征行政事業性收費348項，減輕企業負擔15OO多億元。這些都為市場松了綁，為企業添了力，全國新注冊企業增長27.6％，民間投資比重上升到63％。
The pilot project to replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT) was expanded, and 348 administrative fees were either canceled or exempted, thus reducing the burden on businesses by more than 150 billion yuan.All this further improved the market environment and invigorated businesses. The number of newly registered businesses increased by 27.6% nationwide. Private investment increased to 63% of the country's total investment.
全面放開貸款利率管制，在全國進行中小企業股份轉讓系統試點。啟動不動產統一登記。簡政放權等改革，極大地激發了市場活力、發展動力和社會創造力。
Interest rate controls on loans were completely lifted. A trial on implementing the National Equities and Exchange Quotations was carried out nationwide. Unified registration of immovable property was launched. The reform greatly invigorated the market and stimulated development and social creativity, and boosted our efforts to streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments.
我們推動開放向深度拓展。設立中國上海自由貿易試驗區，探索準入前國民待遇加負面清單的管理模式。提出建設絲綢之路經濟帶、21世紀海上絲綢之路的構想。打造中國—東盟自貿區升級版。與瑞士、冰島簽署自由貿易協定。實施穩定外貿增長的政策，改善海關、檢驗檢疫等監管服務。成功應對光伏“雙反”等重大貿易摩擦。推動高鐵、核電等技術裝備走出國門，對外投資大幅增加，出境旅游近億人次。開放的持續推進，擴大了發展的新空間。
We deepened reform endeavors. The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was established and the management model of pre-establishment national treatment (PENT) with a negative list was introduced. The vision of establishing a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk Road was put forward. The China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone was upgraded. Free trade agreements were respectively signed with Switzerland and Iceland.We implemented the policy to keep increases in foreign trade stable and improved customs, inspection, quarantine and other supervision and control services. Major trade disputes over anti-dumping and countervailing duties on Chinese products, such as photovoltaic solar products, were successfully resolved. We marketed China's high-speed rail and nuclear power technologies and equipment on the international market. China's outbound investment increased significantly. The number of Chinese tourists going overseas reached close to 100 million. The sustained progress of opening up created more space for China's development.
二是創新宏觀調控思路和方式，確保經濟運行處于合理區間。面對跌宕起伏的經濟形勢，我們保持定力，明確守住穩增長、保就業的下限和防通脹的上限，只要經濟在合理區間運行，就集中精力抓住轉方式調結構不放松，保持宏觀政策基本取向不動搖，以增強市場信心、穩定社會預期。
Second, we improved our thinking on and ways of conducting macro-control and ensured that the economy performed within a proper range. In the face of economic fluctuations, we maintained confidence, and stressed the need to maintain steady growth and ensure that employment does not fall below the prescribed minimum level and that inflation does not rise above the projected level. As the economic performance remained within the proper range, we concentrated our efforts on improving the growth model and making structural adjustments by unswervingly following the underlying principles of our macro-control policy. This enhanced public confidence in the market and kept expectations stable.
去年上半年，出口大幅波動，經濟持續下行，中央財政收入一度出現多年少有的負增長，銀行間同業拆放利率一度異常升高，國際上出現中國經濟可能“硬著陸”的聲音。
In the first half of last year, China's exports fluctuated drastically, the economic growth rate continued to decline, central government revenue registered negative growth for the first time in many years, and the inter-bank offered rate for lending rose sharply. There was overseas speculation that China's economy would have a "hard landing."
針對這種情況，我們堅持實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，不采取短期刺激措施，不擴大赤字，不超發貨幣，而是增加有效供給，釋放潛在需求，沉著應對市場短期波動，保障經濟運行不滑出合理區間，讓市場吃了“定心丸”，成為經濟穩中向好的關鍵一招。
In response to all this, we adhered to a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We did not adopt short-term stimulus measures, increase the deficit or issue excessive currency. Instead, we increased effective supply, unleashed potential demand, confidently dealt with short-term market fluctuations, and kept economic activities from sliding out of the proper range.
去年財政赤字控制在預算范圍內，廣義貨幣M2增長13.6％，符合調控要求。
All these efforts reassured the market and played a vital role in sustaining steady economic growth. Last year, the deficit was kept within the budgeted range and the broad money supply (M2) increased by 13.6%, well within the target range.
在保持總量政策穩定的同時，積極盤活存量、用好增量。優化財政支出，整合壓縮專項轉移支付。中央黨政機關和事業單位一般性支出壓減5％，各地也壓減一般性支出，騰出的資金用于改善民生、發展經濟。對小微企業實行稅收優惠，6OO多萬戶企業受益。通過審計，摸清全國政府性債務底數。加強金融監管和流動性管理，保持金融穩健運行。
While keeping macroeconomic policy stable, we made good use of both existing and additional monetary and financial resources. We improved the structure of budgetary expenditures and integrated and cut special transfer payments. The regular expenditures of central Party and government departments and public institutions were cut by 5%, and the regular expenditures of local governments were also reduced. The money saved was used to improve people's lives and grow the economy. Over six million small businesses with low profits benefited from tax breaks. We got a clear picture of total government debt in the whole country through auditing. We tightened financial supervision and liquidity management, thus ensuring sound financial operations.
三是注重調整經濟結構，提高發展質量和效益。針對阻礙發展的結構性問題，我們注重精準發力，運用市場手段和差別化政策，在優化結構中穩增長，在創新驅動中促轉型，推動提質增效升級，為長遠發展鋪路搭橋。
Third, we focused on adjusting the economic structure and raising the quality and returns of development. To address structural problems that hinder development, we strove to take well-targeted steps and used both the market and differential policies to maintain steady growth while upgrading the economic structure. And we also promoted industrial transformation in the course of carrying out innovation-driven development, thereby raising the quality and returns of development, promoting industrial upgrading and creating conditions for sustaining long-term development.
鞏固和加強農業基礎。推進現代農業綜合配套改革試點，支持發展多種形式適度規模經營。全面完成1.5萬座小型水庫除險加固，新解決農村6300多萬人飲水安全問題。加強生態保護與建設，全國森林覆蓋率上升到21.6％。
The foundation of agriculture was consolidated and strengthened. We carried out integrated and comprehensive pilot reforms to modernize agriculture and supported the development of diversified and large-scale farming. Reinforcement of 15,000 small reservoirs was completed. More than 63 million additional rural people gained access to safe drinking water. Ecological conservation and development were strengthened, and China's forest coverage increased to 21.6% of the total land area.
加快產業結構調整。鼓勵發展服務業，支持戰略性新興產業發展，第四代移動通信正式商用。積極化解部分行業產能嚴重過剩矛盾。推進節能減排和污染防治，能源消耗強度下降3.7％，二氧化硫、化學需氧量排放量分別下降3.5％、2.9％。
Adjustment of the industrial structure was accelerated. We encouraged the development of the service sector, and supported the development of strategic emerging industries. The 4G mobile communications system was put into commercial operation. We worked actively to resolve the serious problem of excess production capacity in some industries. We tried hard to conserve energy, reduce emissions and prevent and control pollution. Energy intensity was cut by 3.7%, and emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand decreased by 3.5% and 2.9%, respectively.
加強基礎設施建設。南水北調東線一期工程提前通水，中線一期主體工程如期完工。推進地下管網等城市基礎設施建設。拓展油氣和電力輸配網絡。非化石能源發電量比重達到22.3%。加強民航、水運、信息、郵政網絡建設，鐵路、高速公路運營里程均超過10萬公里，其中高速鐵路運營里程達到1.1萬公里，居世界首位。
Infrastructure was strengthened. The first phase of the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was put into operation ahead of plan, and the main part of the first phase of the central route was completed as planned. Underground pipe networks and other urban infrastructure were improved. Oil, natural gas and electric power networks were expanded, and electricity generated from non-fossil energy amounted to 22.3% of the total electricity output. Civil aviation, water transport, information and postal service networks were improved. The total length of expressways and railways in service both exceeded 100,000 kilometers, with the length of high-speed railways in service reaching 11,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world.
推進創新驅動發展。全社會研發支出占國內生產總值比重超過2%。深化科技體制改革，實施知識、技術創新等工程。超級計算、智能機器人、超級雜交稻等一批關鍵技術實現重大突破。
We continued to pursue innovation-driven development. China's R&D spending accounted for over 2% of its GDP. We deepened reform of the science and technology management system and implemented knowledge and technology innovation projects. Major breakthroughs were made in a number of key technologies, such as the building of supercomputers and smart robots and the cultivation of super-hybrid rice.
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